Septic tank installations guide

Installation at a Glance

Before installation

  • Confirm the tank delivered is the correct capacity, dimensions and configuration for the project.
  • Check the connection orientations, filter requirements and any associated invert-level changes.
  • Confirm site access, delivery arrangements and suitable equipment for unloading.
  • Check ground conditions, soil type, water table, excavation depth, nearby foundations, utilities, slopes/banks and trees.
  • Complete the required risk assessment and method statement (RAMS).
  • Check the installation does not fall outside the standard installation conditions. Structural engineering advice is required where:
    • Vehicles other than ride-on lawnmowers will traffic over the tank.
    • The tank is within 4 m of another structure’s foundations.
    • The tank is within 4 m of a significant change in ground level.
    • The installation is outside the specified depth parameters.
    • Heavy clay or high water-table conditions are present.

Delivery & handling

  • Inspect the tank before unloading and check it against the delivery documentation.
  • Make sure suitable plant, access and a clear route to the installation location are available.
  • The tank must only be lifted and manoeuvred when empty.
  • Never lift the tank when it contains water.
  • Use the designated lifting points with suitable lifting straps/chains and appropriately sized D-shackles.
  • Establish the tank’s centre of gravity before fully raising it and use guide ropes to control movement from a safe distance.

Excavation & base

  • Calculate the excavation depth from the drainage design and confirm the minimum and maximum permitted cover will not be exceeded.
  • Allow sufficient room for tank manoeuvring and access, plus any battering required for the ground conditions.
  • Allow for possible groundwater ingress during excavation.
  • If the ground needs stabilising, the guide specifies increasing excavation depth by 250 mm and replacing it with a mixture of hardcore and sand.
  • Provide a 50 mm bed of 10 mm washed pea gravel at the bottom of the excavation.

Positioning the tank

  • Position the tank on the pea-gravel base and check both horizontal and vertical alignment.
  • Allow for approximately 10 mm of settlement.
  • The service duct must align with the controls inside the building because the supply pipe has limited flexibility.
  • On direct-pressure systems, the service duct must slope towards the tank to allow gravity-fed mains-water top-up.
  • Be aware of filter invert drops:
    • PF filter: 66 mm
    • VF-1 filter: 300 mm

Pipework

  • Minimum pipe fall is 1:100 in the direction of water flow.
  • Rainwater inlet pipework and service duct should fall towards the tank.
  • The overflow should fall away from the tank.
  • Connect the rainwater inlet, overflow and service duct once the tank has settled into position.
  • Keep all rainwater-harvesting pipework free from site debris and seal pipe ends during construction.
  • Make sure the overflow is connected to the appropriate surface-water management system.

Backfilling

  • Initially fill the tank to one-third full with water to settle it into the pea gravel.
  • Make final alignment adjustments to the connections and pipework.
  • Install the neck and seal the joints with a good bead of silicone sealant to prevent groundwater ingress.
  • Backfill around and beneath the tank using 10 mm washed pea gravel.
  • Keep the pea-gravel backfill level in line with the water level inside the tank.
  • Continue until the tank crown has 50 mm of pea-gravel cover.
  • Continue filling the tank with water as backfilling progresses, up to the level of the inlet/outlet connections.
  • Complete the remaining backfill to finished ground level using free-flowing material.

Finishing & commissioning

  • Secure the tank lid.
  • Install the filter if it has not already been fitted.
  • Cover the filter with strong polythene to prevent roof water entering the tank before the system is ready for use.
  • Remove the protective filter covering during commissioning.
  • Clearly mark the tank location.
  • Establish a 4 m exclusion zone outside the original excavation footprint to prevent construction vehicles accidentally driving over the tank.

Important tips:

  • Never lift or manoeuvre the tank when it contains water.
  • Complete RAMS before starting the installation.
  • Check the tank, connections and orientation before excavation and installation.
  • Use 10 mm washed pea gravel for the specified tank bedding and backfill.
  • Allow the tank to settle and initially fill it to one-third full before final connection.
  • Keep the water level inside the tank in line with the external pea-gravel backfill level.
  • Continue pea-gravel backfill until there is 50 mm of pea gravel over the tank crown.
  • Do not mechanically tamp the infill or finished ground level.
  • Do not drive vehicles over the tank. The standard installation is designed for pedestrian and light ride-on mower loading only.
  • Maintain a 4 m exclusion zone around the original excavation footprint during construction.
  • Obtain structural engineering advice where the installation involves vehicle loading, proximity to foundations/earth banks, unusual depths, heavy clay or high water tables.